What is the long-term outlook for children with a cloacal anomaly? The remainder of surgeries that will be needed to create an appropriate urethra, vaginal opening and anal opening are often completed when a child is older and stronger. Additionally, for a child unable to urinate on their own, she may need a catheter to be placed into the bladder. Often more than one surgery will be needed.ĭirectly after birth, the team will work to ensure the child is stable and will likely perform a colostomy, which is the creation of a new opening through which the child’s stool will leave the body. The exact surgery and subsequent repair will be determined by the child’s family and the surgeon after considering her unique anatomy. How are cloacal anomalies treated?Ĭloacal anomalies require surgical repair by one of our surgeons. Learn more about the diagnostic tests used by the specialists at the CHOC Urology Center. An ultrasound, MRI, VCUG or genito/sinogram, or cystoscopy and/or vaginoscopy may be done before a treatment plan will be developed. Following birth, several studies may be completed to gain a better understanding of the child’s unique anatomy. Others will be diagnosed by physical examination after birth. Some cloacal anomalies will be diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound. Variation in the degree of development of the bladder, rectum, abdominal wall or reproductive organsĬloacal anomalies are often associated with other conditions involving the kidneys, pelvic bone and spinal cord.Lack of development in other female reproductive organs, the uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries.Vaginal duplication or vaginal atresia, which is an abnormal closure or absence of a vagina.Imperforate anus, which occurs when the anus is not fully formed or does not have an opening to the outside of the body.
There are many variations to cloacal deformities. Many of these defects will be diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound and the CHOC urology team will be able to provide information to expecting parents before and shortly after birth regarding their child’s future needs. Bladder exstrophy can occur in males or females. This is a birth defect where a child is born with their bladder, and sometimes other organs exposed from the body.
The most complicated form of a cloacal anomaly is that which involves bladder exstrophy.
Typically, the ovaries and fallopian tubes will be unaffected and normal. Children with a cloacal anomaly will only have one outlet from the body for all three tracts (the urethra, vagina, and rectum will merge together to make one tube). Normally the rectum, genital tract and urinary tract will all have separate outlets from the body in a female. There are many variations to these defects but the most common involve a merging of the rectum, genital tract (vagina), and urinary tract (urethra) into one exit out of the body. Cloacal anomalies refer to a collection of defects that occur during fetal development in a female’s lower abdominal structures.
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